RESUMO
RESUMEN La subcuenca del Río Teusacá presenta alta actividad urbanística e industrial en, aproximadamente, el 50% de su superficie, lo cual, ha generado vertimientos de aguas residuales al ambiente acuático. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar la calidad del agua, con base en el Índice Biótico de Familias (IBF), en dos sectores (alto y bajo) del río, en dos temporadas (seca y lluviosa) y analizar la correlación del IBF con: COT, fosfatos, sulfatos, nitratos, nitritos e índices de diversidad. Los muestreos, se realizaron con una red Surber (malla 500 micras y 0,09m2 de área), en 10 sitios, distribuidos en el curso principal: en octubre de 2016, al finalizar una temporada seca y en julio de 2017, al terminar una temporada lluviosa. En total, se registraron 35 taxones y los órdenes con más familias fueron: Diptera (28%), Coleoptera (17%) y Hemiptera (11%). El IBF presentó correlación positiva (>76%) con los contaminantes químicos y se observó que los principales contaminantes del río fueron los fosfatos y el COT, mientras que el IBF con los índices de diversidad, no mostró correlación. La calidad del agua en el sector alto del río estuvo entre buena y regular en ambas temporadas, mientras que en el sector bajo estuvo entre malsana y muy nociva. Estos resultados sugieren que en IBF es un buen indicador de la calidad de agua en los ríos.
ABSTRACT The Teusacá River subbasin presents high industrial and urbanization activities in approximately 50% of its surface, which has generated discharges of waste water and pollutants into the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to characterize the quality of water based on the insect family biotic index (FBI) in two river sectors (low and high) in two seasons (dry and rainy) and to analyze the FBI correlation with: TOC, phosphates sulphates, nitrates, nitrites and diversity indices. Sampling was carried out in October 2016 and in July 2017 at the end of the dry season and the rainy season, repectively, using a Surber net (500 microns and 0.09m2) at 10 sites, distributed along in the main course of the river. A total of 35 taxa were recorded, the groups with more families were: Diptera (28%), Coleoptera (17%) and Hemiptera (11%). The IBF was significantly and positively correlated with chemical pollutants (>76%) and the main pollutants of the River observed were phosphates and the TOC; while the IBF was not correlated with the diversity indices. The water quality in the high river sector was between good and regular in both seasons; while in the lower river sector it was very harmful and unhealthy. The results obtained suggest that the FBI is an appropriate indicator for determining the water quality of the river.
RESUMO
El objetivo de este estudio fue ensayar una serie de concentraciones de un producto granulado preparado con Bacillus sphaericus, sobre larvas de Culex quinquefasciatus y Anopheles albimanusen condiciones de laboratorio. Se utilizaron once concentraciones (20, 40, 60, 80,100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200 y 500 ppm) sobre larvas de An. albimanus, y ocho concentraciones diez veces menores (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 y 16 ppm) sobre larvas de Cx. quinquefasciatus.Se utilizaron 60 larvas y un control con 20 larvas por concentración. El tiempo de exposición fue de 48 h, a una temperatura de 28 ± 2 ºC. Para estimar las concentraciones letales 50 y 95 se utilizó la prueba Probit. Se encontró una CL95 de B. sphaericus entre 6,45 y 7,28 ppm para larvas de Cx. quinquefasciatus; mientras que en larvas de An. albimanus se observó una CL95entre 450,56 y 466,76 ppm...
The purpose of this study was to assay a series of concentrations of a granulated productprepared with Bacillus sphaericus on Culexquinquefasciatus and Anopheles albimanus larvae inlaboratory conditions. Eleven concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200,500 ppm) were used on An. Albimanus larvae and eight concentrations ten times smaller (2,4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 ppm) were used on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. Sixty (60) larvae and acontrol with 20 larvae were used per concentration. The time of exposure was of 48 hours ata laboratory temperature of 28 ± 2 ºC. LC50 and LC95 were determined through the Probittests. A LC95 of B. sphaericus was found between 6,45 and 7,28 ppm for Cx. quinquefasciatuslarvae; whereas LC95 was observed between 450.56 and 466.76 ppm in An. albimanus larvae...
O objetivo deste estudo foi testar uma série de concentrações de um produto granulado preparadocom Bacillus sphaericus, sobre larvas de Culex quinquefasciatus e Anopheles albimanusem condições de laboratório. Utilizaram-se onze concentrações (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120,140, 160, 180, 200 e 500 ppm) sobre larvas de An. albimanus, e oito concentrações dez vezesmenores (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 e 16 ppm) sobre larvas de Cx. quinquefasciatus. Utilizaram-se60 larvas e um controle com 20 larvas por concentração. O tempo de exposição foi de 48h,a uma temperatura de 28 ± 2 ºC. Para estimar as concentrações letais 50 e 95 utilizou-seo teste Probit. Encontrou-se uma CL95 de B. sphaericus entre 6,45 e 7,28 ppm para larvasde Cx. quinquefasciatus; enquanto que em larvas de An. Albimanus observou-se uma CL95entre 450,56 e 466,76 ppm...
